بررسی آلودگی خوراک دام و طیور با گونه‌های قارچی آسپرژیلوس تولیدکننده‌ی آفلاتوکسین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 گروه میکروب شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد دامغان، سمنان، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران

3 گروه میکروب شناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان ایران

4 گروه دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهر کرد، شهرکرد، ایران

5 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

6 گروه انگل شناسی، دانشکدۀ پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

7 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی دزفول، دزفول، ایران

چکیده

آلودگی غذای دام و طیور با قارچ آسپرژیلوس مولد آفلاتوکسین و مصرف فرآورده‌های آنها توسط انسان، از مشکلات بهداشتی چرخه غذایی و تهدید کنندۀ سلامت است. پایش و شناخت مناسبی از وجود گونه‌های قارچی مولد آفلاتوکسین در خوراک دام و طیور وجود ندارد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی آلودگی خوراک دام و طیور با گونه‌های قارچ آسپرژیلوس مولد آفلاتوکسین و تعیین هویت گونه‌ها بر پایه تکثیر ژن بتا-توبولین با روش PCR انجام گرفت. نمونه‌برداری بصورت تصادفی از دو کارخانه تهیه خوراک دام و دو کارخانه تهیه خوراک طیور و دام در شهرستان گرگان انجام گرفت. نمونه‌ها در محیط اختصاصی کشت داده شد و شناسایی قارچ‌ها با روش‌های ماکروسکوپی، میکروسکوپی و مولکولی انجام شد. گونه‌های قارچی جنس آسپرژیلوس مولد سم با تکثیر مولکولی ژن بتا-توبولین با روش PCR و تعیین توالی آن، تعیین هویت شدند. از بین آسپرژیلوس-های جدا شده، تعداد 4 گونۀ فلاووس، 2 گونۀ ورسیکالر، 2 گونۀ فومیگاتوس، 2 گونۀ نایجر، 1 گونۀ پارازیتیکوس، 1 گونۀ اوخراسئوس و 1 گونۀ ترئوس شناسایی شد. به‌طور متوسط، 25/27 درصد خوراک دام و 70/31 درصد خوراک طیور آلوده به قارچ آسپرژیلوس بودند. مطالعۀ ما حاکی از میزان بالای آلودگی خوراک دام و طیور با قارچ آسپرژیلوس است. این مسئله لزوم بررسی و پایش مداوم نهادهای بهداشتی را می‌طلبد تا از ورود این سم به چرخه غذایی انسان جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Contamination study of livestock and poultry feedstuff with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Marvi 1
  • M. Tabibi 2
  • S. Yazdansetad 3
  • M.A. Naderi 4
  • M. Khaledi 5
  • G.R. Pourshahbazi 6
  • A. Mahmoodi Kouhi 7
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Semnan, Iran.
2 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
3 Yazdansetad, S., Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
4 School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
5 Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
6 Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
7 Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
چکیده [English]

The livestock and poultry feedstuff contamination related to the aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species and it’s relationship with human’s food is the sanitary problem and health-threatening in food chain. There is not suitable screening of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species in livestock and poultry feedstuff. The present study was conducted to study contamination of livestock and poultry feedstuff with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species and identify fungal species based on beta-tubulin gene amplification by PCR. Sampling was randomly performed from two livestock and two poultry feedstuff producing corporations in Gorgan county. The feedstuff samples were cultivated on specific medium and the fungi were identified by macroscopic, microscopic and molecular tests. The aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species were identified based on PCR amplification and sequencing of beta-tubulin gene. Aspergillus flavus (n=4), Aspergillus parasiticus (n=1), Aspergillus versicolor (n=2), Aspergillus fumigatus (n=2), Aspergillus niger (n=2), Aspergillus ochraceus (n=1), Aspergillus terreus (n=1), Aspergillus fusarium (n=1) and Aspergillus trichothecium (n=1) were founded in our study. An average of 27.25 percent of livestock feedstuff and 31.70 percent of poultry feedstuff comprised of the Aspergillus genus. Our study indicated high contamination rate of livestock and poultry feedstuff with aflatoxin producing Aspergillus. Therefore, it should be constantly checked by health institutions to prevent the entry of the toxin into humans food chain..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aflatoxin
  • beta-tubulin
  • aspergillus
  • livestock and poultry feedstuff

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