تعیین میزان شیوع و بررسی عوامل خطر ضایعات محوطه دهانی گوسفند و بز در جنوب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم درمانگاهی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه بهداشت و مواد غذایی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 گروه علوم درمانگاهی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان

چکیده

ضایعات محوطه دهانی یکی از مؤثرترین عوامل بر روی سلامت و راندمان تولید است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارزیابی شیوع این ضایعات شامل بیماری‌‌های دندان، استخوان‌‌های فک و بافت‌‌های نرم، در بین نشخوارکنندگان کوچک در منطقه جنوب ایران و بررسی تاثیر عوامل خطر این دسته از بیماری‌‌ها شامل سن، جنس، گونه، نژاد، جیره، اندازه و نحوه مدیریت دامپروری‌‌ها است. شاخص‌‌های بررسی میزان شیوع بیماری‌‌های محوطه دهانی با دامنه اطمینان 95 درصد برآورد شد. برای بررسی ارتباط بین شیوع و عوامل خطر پیشنهاد شده، از روش رگرسیون لجستیک تک متغیره و چند متغیره استفاده گردید. نتایج ما نشان داد که از 1342 دام مورد بررسی به‌‌ترتیب 523 (39 درصد)، 123 (2/9 درصد) و 81 راس (شش درصد) دارای ضایعات بالینی دندانی، استخوان‌‌های فک و بافت‌‌های نرم هستند. از عوامل خطر مورد مطالعه بین جنس، نژاد‌‌های بز، گروه‌‌های سنی، مدیریت دامپروری و جیره با میزان شیوع، رابطه معنی‌‌داری داشت. شانس ابتلا به بیماری‌‌های دندانی با افزایش سن نیز افزایش قابل توجهی نشان داد و در بز نژاد پاکستانی نسبت به نژاد سانن بیشتر بود. در بررسی لجستیک بیماری‌‌های دندان، شانس ابتلا در جنس ماده نسبت به نر 7/1 برابر بود و در دامپروری‌‌های با مدیریت سنتی و تغذیه با جیره‌‌های علوفه‌ی به‌‌ترتیب 5/3 و 5/2 برابر دامپروری‌‌های با مدیریت صنعتی و جیره‌‌های دانه‌ی-علوفه‌ی برآورد شد. در نظر گرفتن عوامل فوق از طریق آگاه‌‌سازی دامداران در جهت جوان‌‌سازی دام‌‌ها، انتخاب نژاد مناسب و نظارت دقیق بر نحوه مدیریت و نوع جیره می‌‌تواند نقش عمده‌ی در کاهش هزینه‌‌ها و افزایش بازدهی اقتصادی واحد‌‌های دامپروری داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the prevalence and risk factors for disorders of oral cavity in sheep and goats in south of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • A.S. Samimi 1
  • Balal Sadeghi 2
  • J. Tajik 1
  • Amin Fayyaz 3
1 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran/
چکیده [English]

Oral disorders can negatively influence the health and productive efficiency of livestock. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence for soft tissue, jawbone and dental disorders of small ruminants in South of Iran and analyze the effect of risk factors including age, sex, species, breed, diet, herd size, herd management and diet on these disorders. Data were analyzed by 95% confidence interval for prevalence index of oral disorders. To evaluate the associations between suggested risk factors and oral disorders, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Based on our results, clinical disorders of tooth, jawbone and soft tissue were observed in 523 (39%), 123 (9.2%) and 81 (6%) subjects, respectively, of 1342 sheep and goats. Several factors including age, sex, herd management and diet were significantly associated with disorders of oral cavity in sheep and goats. The odds of oral diseases increased as the age of animals increased. Moreover, Pakistani goats were more likely than Saanen breed to develop oral disorders. In logistic regression analysis of dental disorder, females had 1.7 times higher risk than males. The odds of traditional herds and roughage diet were 3.5 and 2.5 times more than dairy herds and roughage-concentrate diets in tooth disorders, respectively. Therefore, it is important to inform the herders that choosing the proper breed and maintaining a young flock as well as good management and diet can decrease costs and improve economic efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oral cavity disorders
  • risk factors
  • Sheep and goats
  • South of Iran

1- Aitchison, G. and J. Spence. 1984. Dental disease in hill sheep: an abattoir survey. Journal of Comparative Pathology 94: 285-300.
2- Akbarinejad, V. 2014. Atlas of Iranian sheep breeds. Noorbakhsh publications, Tehran. Iran. (In Farsi).
3- Al-sadi, H. I. and H. B. Younis. 2010. Oral lesions in sheep in Mosul area, Iraq. Veterinary Research 3: 21-26.
4- Asadi, J., M. Khalili, M. Kafi, M. Ansari-lari and S. M. Hosseini. 2014. Risk factors of Q fever in sheep and goat flocks with history of abortion. Comparative Clinical Pathology 23:625-630.
5- Ayers, E., E. Cameron, R. Kemp, H. Leitch, A. Mollison, I. Muir, H. Reid, D. Smith and J. Sproat. 2001. Oral lesions in sheep and cattle in Dumfries and Galloway. The Veterinary Record 148: 720-723.
6- Badiei, K., M. Pourjafar, A.S. Samimi, M. Ansari-lari, A. Mohammadi and M. Ghane. 2014. Study on risk factors and serologic prevalence of antibodies against equine influenza virus in the south of Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology 23: 929–932.
7- Bahrampour, J., M. Danesh Mesgaran, A. R. Arabpour, A. R. Vakili and A. Khezri. 2016. Risk factors affecting the culling of Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies 4: 15-23.
8- Dixion, P. M., W. H. Tremain, K. Pickles, L. Kuhns, C. Hawe, J. Mccann, B. C. Mcgorum, D. I. Railton and S. Brammer. 2000. Equine dental disease part 4: a long-term study of 400 cases: apical infections of cheek teeth. Equine Veterinary Journal 32: 182-194.
9- Dixon, P. and I. Dacre. 2005. A review of equine dental disorders. The veterinary journal 169: 165-187.
10- Eze. C. A., S. S. Adamu and M. M. Bukar. 2012. Studies on dentition and oral disorders of camels in Maiduguri abattoir, Borno State, Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44: 1953-1956.
11- FitzGerald, W. G., J. P. Cassidy, B. K. Markey and M. L. Doherty. 2015. Profiling oral and digital lesions in sheep in Ireland. Irish Veterinary Journal 68: 30-40.
12- Gómez-olivencia, A., D. Arceredillo, J. Rios-garaizar, D. Garate, E. Iriarte and Z. San pedro. 2013. Dental anomalies in the mandible of capra pyrenaica: presence of two permanent fourth premolars in a pleistocene wild goat from arlanpe cave (Bizkaia, northern Spain). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 23: 737-745.
13- Grossi, S. G., R. J. Genco, E. E. Machtei, A. W. Ho, G. Koch, R. G. Dunford, J. J. Zambon and E. Hausmann. 1994. Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. II. Risk indicators for attachment loss. Journal of Periodontology 65: 260-267.
14- Harcourt-broanwd, F. M. and S.J. Baker. 2001. Parathyroid hormone, haematological and biochemical parameters in relation to dental disease and husbandry in rabbits. Journal of small animal practice 42: 130-136.
15- Herenda, D. 1994. Manual on meat inspection for developing countries. Food and agriculture organization of the united nation (FAO), Rome, Italy.
16- Hongo, A., J. Zhang, Y. Toukura and M. Akimoto. 2004. Changes in incisor dentition of sheep influence biting force. Grass and Forage Science 59: 293-297
17- Jekl, V. and S. Redrobe. 2013. Rabbit dental disease and calcium metabolism–the science behind divided opinions. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 54: 481-490
18- McGregor, B. 2011. Incisor development, wear and loss in sheep and their impact on ewe production, longevity and economics: a review. Small Ruminant Research 95: 79-87.
19- McGregor, B. and K. Butler. 2011. The relationship between permanent incisor wear and mohair production and attributes in grazing adult Angora goats. Small Ruminant Research 100: 37-43.
20- Mohammadi, A., M. Pourmahdi Borujeni, D. Gharibi and A. Ghadrdan Mashhadi. 2016. A serological survey on strangles disease in horses of some areas in Khuzestan province by ELISA. Journal of Veterinary Research 71: 373-379.
21- Newton, J. and C. Jackson. 1984. The effect of age on tooth loss and the performance of Masham ewes. Animal Production 39: 421-425.
22- Nicholls, V. M. and N. Townsend. 2016. Dental disease in aged horses and its management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 32: 215-227.
23- Orr, M. B. and R. D. Mackey. 1991. A pilot study of dietary lime supplementation and periodontal disease in ewes in Southland. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 39: 111-112
24- Radostits, O. M., C. C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Elsevier, USA.
25- Rao, D. B., A. Somappa and B. S. Rao. 2016. Prevalence and clinical management of periodontal disorders in lambs and kids. Intas Polivet 17: 103-106.
26- Ridler, A. and D. West. 2010. Examination of teeth in sheep health management. Small Ruminant Research 92: 92-95.
27- Rogers, P. A. and P. J. Comerford. 1992. Erosion of the incisors of silage-fed cattle. Veterinary Record 130: 455-456.
28- Sadjadian, R., H. A. Seifi, M. Mohri, A. A. Naserian and N. Farzaneh. 2013. Variations of energy biochemical metabolites in periparturient dairy Saanen goats. Comparative Clinical Pathology 22: 449-456.
29- Samimi, A. S., S. M. Aghamiri, J. Tajik, T. Taheri and R. Eshteraki. 2015. Analysis of cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiographic indices of clinically healthy Saanen goats in different sexes and age groups. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 31: 192-196.
30- Smith, A. J., A. Millward, H. Perry, A. C. Bygrave and J. C. Granger. 1992. Erosion of the incisors in cattle on self silage with enzyme additive. Veterinary Record 130: 352-353.
31- Smith, B. P. 2015. Diseases of alimentary tract. pp. 697-728, In: S.L. Jones (ed.), Large Animal Internal Medicine. Elsevier, USA.
32- Waller, R., L. Livesey, K. Maierl, K. Nuss, I. M. Bowen, E. R. J. Cauvin, M. weaver, J. Schumacher and S. A. May. 2001. Comparison of radiography and scintigraphy in the diagnosis of dental disorders in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 33: 49-58.
33- West, D. M. 2002. Dental disease of sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 50: 102-104.