1- رحیمی، ش.، خاک سفیدی الف. و موسوی. ط. (1382) مقایسه اثر پروبیوتیک و آنتی بیوتیک بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی. مجله دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران. 2(58): 159-162.##
2- زارع شحنه، الف.، شورنگ پ. و صادقی. ع. (1386) بیوتکنولوژی در علوم دامی، انتشارات آییژ.##
3- کریمی، ک. و رحیمی. ش. (1382) تاثیر سطوح مختلف پروبیوتیک بر عملکرد جوجه های گوشتی، مجله پژوهش و سازندگی، 94-90.##
4- Akinleye, S. B., Iyayi, E. A. and Afolabi. K. D. (2008) The performance, haematology and carcass traits of broilers as affected by diets supplemented with or without Biomin a natural growth promoter. W. J. Agr. Sci. 4 (4): 467-470.##
5- Alexander, D. A., and Chettle. N. J. (1977) Procedures for the haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition test for Avian infectious Bronchitis Virus. Avian. Pathol., 6: 9-17.##
6- Alp, M., Kocabagli, N. Kahraman R. and Bostan. K. (1999) Effect of dietary supplementation with organic acids and zing bacitracin on ileal microflora, pH and performance in broilers. Tr. J. Vet. and Anim. Sci. 23: 451-455.##
7- Andreasen, C. B., Latimer, K. S. Harmon, B. G. Glisson, J. R. Golden, J. M. and Rown. J. (1991) Heterophil function in healthy chickens and in chickens with experimentally induced staphylococcal tenosynovitis. Vet. Pathol. 28: 419–427.##
8- Chichlowski, M., Croom, J. McBride, B.W. Davis, G. Daniel, L. and Koci. M. (2007) Direct-fed microbial and salinomycin modulate whole body and intestinal oxygen consumption and intestinal enterocytes cytokine production in the broiler chick. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 86: 1100-1106.##
9- Cummings, J. H., and Macfarlane. G. T. (1997) Role of intestinal bacteria in nutrient metabolism. J. Parenteral and Enteral Nutr. 21: 357-365.##
10- Delneste, Y., Donnet-Hughes, A. and Schiffrin. E. J. (1998) Mechanisms of action on immunocompetent cells. Nutr. Rev., 56: S93–S98.##
11- Foster, J. W. (2001) Acid stress responses of Salmonella and E. coli: Survival mechanisms, regulation, and implications for pathogenesis. J. Microbiol. 39: 89–94.##
12- Fuller, R., (1989) Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 66: 365-378.##
13- Gong, J., Forster, R. J. Yu, H. Chambers, J. R. Wheatcroft, R. Sabour, P. M. and Chen. S. (2002) Molecular analysis of bacterial populations in the ileum of broiler chickens and comparison with bacteria in the caecum. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 41: 171-179.##
14- Gunal, M., Yaili, G. Kaya, O. Karahan, N. and Sulak. O. (2006) The effect of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5(2): 149-155.##
15- Harmon, B. G. (1998) Avian heterophils in inflammation and disease resistance. Poult. Sci. 77: 972–977.##
16- Hinton, M., and Linton. A. H. (1988) Control of Salmonella infections in broiler chickens by the acid treatment of their feed. Vet. Rec. 123: 416–421.##
17-Jin, L. Z., Ho, Y. W. Abdullah, A. M. and Jalaludin. S. (1996) Effects of Lactobacillus culture on the digestive enzymes chicken intestine. Proc. 8th Anim. Sci. Congress, Tokyo, Chiba, Japan, pp. 224- 225.##
18- Kabir, S. M. L., Rahman, M. M. Rahman, M. B. and Ahmed. S. U. (2004) the dynamics of probiotics on grow performance and immune response in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3: 361-364.##
19- Kalavathy, R., Abdullah, N. Jalaludin, S. Wong, C. M. V. L. and Ho. Y. W. (2008) Effect of Lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline on the growth performance and serum lipids of chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7 (4): 385-389.##
20- Klaver, F. A. M. and Van-der-meer. R. (1993) The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt deconjugating activity. Applied Environ. Microb. 59: 1120-1124.##
21- Koenen, M. E., Karmer, J. Vander Hulst, R. Heres, L. Jeurissen, S. H. and Boersma. W. J. (2004) Immunomodulation by probiotic lactobacilli in layer and meat-type chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 45: 355-366.##
22- Lan, Y., Verstegen, M. W. Tamminga, S. and Williams. B. A. (2005) The role of the commensal gut microbial community in broiler chickens. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 61(1): 95-104.##
23- Lee, S. J., Kim., S. S. Suh, O. S. Na, J. C. Lee, S. H. and Chung. S. B. (1993) Effect of dietary antibiotics and probiotics on the performance of broiler. J. Agri. Sci., 35: 539-548.##
24- Manickam, R., Viswanathan, K. and Mohan. M. (1994) Effect of probiotics in broiler performance. Poult. Sci., 63: 1218-1221.##
25- National Research Council. (1994) Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. 1. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9 th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.##
26- Owens, B., Tucker, L. Collins, M. A. and McCracken. K. J. (2008) Effects of different feed additives alone or in combination on broiler performance, gut microflora and ileal histology. Br. Poult. Sci. 49(2): 202-212.##
27- Panda, A. K., Reddy, M. R. and Praharaj. N. K. (2001) Dietary supplementation of probiotic on growth, serum cholesterol and gut microflora of broilers. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 71: 488-490.##
28- Paster, N. (1979) A commercial scale study of the efficiency of propionic acid and calcium propionate as fungistats in poultry feed. Poult. Sci. 58: 572–576.##
29- Pelicano, E. R. L., Souza, P. A. Souza, H. B. A. Oba, A. and Norkus. E. A. (2003) Effect of different probiotics on broiler carcass and meat quality. Brazil. J. Poult. Sci. 5: 207-214.##
30- Pessi, T., Sutas, Y. Marttine, N. A. and Isolauri. E. (1998) Probiotics reinforce mucosal degradation of antigens in rats: Implications for therapeutic use of probiotics. Am. Soc. Nutr. Sci. 2313–2318.##
31- Rowghani, E., Arab, M. and Akbarian. A. (2007) Effect of a probiotic and other feed additives on performance and immune response of broiler chicks. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 6(4): 261-265.##
32- SAS Institute Inc. (1997) SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Statistics: Release 6.12. Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.##
33- Thompson, J. L., and Hinton. M. (1997) Antibacterial activity of formic and propionic acids in the diet of hens on salmonellas in the crop. Br. Poult. Sci. 38: 59–65.##
34- Xu, H., Lohr J. and Greiner. M. (1997) The selection of Elisa cut-off points for testing Ab to ND by two-graph receiver operating characteristics analysis. J. Immunol. Metods, pp: 61-64.##
35- Zulkifli, I., Abdullah, N. Azrin, N. M. and Ho. Y. W. (2000) Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br. Poult. Sci. 41: 593-597.##
)
